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1606
| 1606 • Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel of Saint Francesco, elevates Livorno to the rank of city. |
1654
Age: 48y
birth of childElizabeth Beckwith Maryland, USA ⇓ |
| 1654 • Charles X Gustav succeeds his cousin Christina on the Swedish throne. After her abdication on the same day, Christina, now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism. |