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1627
| 1627 • Thirty Years' War: Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, signs the Capitulation of Franzburg, in which Pomerania is forced to pay for the Imperial army that Wallenstein sent to occupy it. Nonetheless, despite the treaty, Pomerania is devastated by the Imperial troops. |
1656
Jul 1
Age: 29y
marriageElisabetha Schneider Wallau, Hessen-Darmstadt, Prussia ⇓ 1 Source ⇓ |
| 1656 • Treaty of Königsberg is signed, establishing an alliance between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. |
1657
Nov 8
Age: 30y
birth of childAnna Catherine Ruehl Wallau, Hessen-Darmstadt, Prussia ⇓ 1 Source ⇓ |
| 1657 • Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on probability theory, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance"). |
1689
Age: 62y
| 1689 • The Bill of Rights establishes constitutional monarchy in England but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne. Parliament also passes the Act of Toleration protecting Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded. This effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution. |
1689
Jan 4
| 1689 • Nine Years' War: With England and the Netherlands both now ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars until 1763 between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements across the Canadian and New England borders. |