1232
| 1232 • The Jin Dynasty in China defend their capital against the Mongol siege on Kaifeng during the Mongol–Jin War. The battle involves the use of rockets. |
about
Age: 43y
1275
Age: 43y
birth of childEleanor Giffard Date is just an estimate. |
| 1275 • The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. |
1299
Age: 67y
| 1299 • Osman I declares his Anatolian beylik (principality) to be independent of the Seljuq dynasty Sultanate of Rum, originating the Ottoman Empire which will last until the 1920s. |