1650
| 1650 • Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army invades mainland Scotland from the Orkney Islands but is defeated by a Covenanter army. |
1678
Age: 28y
| 1678 • Test Act provides that members of both the House of Lords and House of Commons of England must swear an anti-Catholic oath before taking office. |
1706
Nov 15
Age: 56y
| 1706 • English Parliament establishes the first turnpike trusts which place a length of road under the control of trustees drawn from local landowners and traders. The turnpike trusts borrow capital for road maintenance against the security of tolls and this arrangement becomes the common method of road maintenance for the next 150 years. |